Wednesday, 25 April 2018

Social media analytics ‘The WEB RADR trials’



Web RADR (Recognising Adverse Drug Reactions) is platform which provides technological solutions for robust pharmacovigilance. Web RADR has its key contributions in Governance and policy, Social media and Analytics.

Web RADR is led by the European Medical Agency to provide its recommendation on developing mobile based application and use of social media for monitoring adverse drug reactions. Web- RADR goes in consultation with bodies like Eudravigilance- Expert Working Group (EV- EWG), Patient’s and Consumer Working Party (PCWP).

Key stakeholders in this project include Novartis Pharma, Janssen Pharmaceutica, Sanofi-Aventis, UCB and Amgen
Web RADR along with Epidemico (An organization with the capability to analyse and visualize data, comprising of public health leaders, software experts and data scientist) is now working its way to provide access to social media content by visualization using technology by Epidemico in detecting signals. Analysis of social media content through Big Data Analytics would be applied in forecasting problems with marketed medicinal products, it would enable the regulators to understand nature of safety signals and all of the content screening would be done on data which would be publically available, without violating data protection act adding further to this where social networking users would also have the provision to opt out of data collection.

Through a recent it was determined that in 2016, Facebook has highest number of threads with 2.2 Billion post, Twitter following with around 318 millions tweets and You tube with 1.5 billion videos.
Alongside with screening digital content from social media, Web RADR in collaboration with World Health Organization’s, Uppsala Monitoring Centre would be developing analytical tool, which would help in extraction of relevant and quality data from social media for  screening and would also focus on case triaging and linkage of duplicate reports.
Another initiative led by Web-RADR is designing android/ IOS based apps with key functions to report ADR and provide alerts. The apps would be linked with various regulatory agencies and would provide tailored alerts to the users about safety issues and warnings. The app would also facilitate anonymous ADR submissions using customized reporting forms. Web-RADR would be making the app soon available in different languages and additional products would be added in the product list for easy recognition of suspect.

In UK almost 4000+ users have used Yellow Card app with 400+ safety reports being sent to MHRA


Web- RADR , together with University Medical Centre Groningen and University College London would analysing barriers for patient and healthcare professionals to use mobile application for reporting ADR, studies through conjoint analysis where different versions of app are tested on different levels of health, literacy and usability on focussed population groups of patients adolescents, orphan disease populations and elderly patients have been undertaken by the University.
Web-RADR would also be conducting Scientific Impact Evaluation, together with University of Liverpool to determine whether mobile based application and social media content screening would be a value addition to Pharmacovigilance as output of these activities would impact policy recommendations.

Reference:
·         WEB-RADR, Work Packages (url: https://web-radr.eu/work-packages/wp5/ )
·         EPIDEMICO (url: https://www.epidemico.com/ )

Brought to you by:
Cliniminds (www.cliniminds.com ) imparting quality education in Clinical research and Pharmacovigilance since last 14+ years with 100 % placement record.
Cliniminds offers training in aggregate reporting, our students are trained on PSUR, PBRER, Addendum, Summary Bridging, DSUR, ASR, EOS Reports with Hands On’ experience on ORACLE Argus Safety and other safety databases for line listing, summary tabulation extraction.

Monday, 2 April 2018

MHRA’s Black Triangle Report




In United Kingdom, there are certain drugs in which although they were granted marketing approval by the Medicines and healthcare product regulatory agency (MHRA), they need to be closely monitored, since limited information were available about these drugs.

One of the key reasons attributed to this may be, less subjects being enrolled in the clinical trials, short therapy duration etc.…thus, in order to identify rare adverse reactions, effect of the drug in different populations or effect of the drug under different co-morbidities, such drugs are tagged with an inverted black triangle (▼) on their package insert, to ensure that these drugs are intensively monitored.

The Commission on Human Medicines (CHM) and MHRA encourages expedited reporting within 15 calendar days of all such drugs with an inverted black triangle symbol if, found to have caused serious or non-serious adverse drug reaction.

You may find the black triangle drugs at the Electronic Medicines Compendium, British National Formulary, Nurse Prescribers’ Formulary etc.… A black triangle symbol may be assigned to any new active drug / vaccine or even a Biosimilar (Biosimilar are similar biological therapeutic products). Black triangle is not restricted to only drugs, it may also include new route of administration, new drug delivery systems or even new patient population.

Black triangle drugs are reviewed every 2 years by the MHRA and monitoring black triangles reports helps in identifying benefit risk profile of drug and unrecognized adverse effects.

Reference:

·         List of medicines under additional monitoring, European Medical Agency (url: http://www.ema.europa.eu/ema/index.jsp?curl=pages/regulation/document_listing/document_listing_000366.jsp&mid=WC0b01ac058067c852 )
·         EMC (https://www.medicines.org.uk/emc/ )

Brought to you by:
Cliniminds- Leaders in Pharmacovigilance and Clinical research training. Our training include hands on experience on pharmacovigilance software (Argus safety). To catch with recent updates on pharmacovigilance, check out our newsletter at Cliniminds Pharmacovigilance page (www.cliniminds.com)



Thursday, 29 March 2018

European Medical Agency to increase fees upto 1.7 %



There would be an increase in fees upto 1.7 % from April 1st 2018 as mentioned in the notification of Commission Regulation (EU) No 2018/471 (amending Council Regulation (EC) No 297/95), the fees however would be implemented for all activities carried out by the agency except pharmacovigilance. Apart from Pharmacovigilance the agency has also exempted fees ofMicro Small or Medium Sized Enterprise, Orphan Medicinal Products, Medicinal Products for Paediatric Use, Advanced Therapy Medicinal Productsetc… Detailed information on has been provided on an explanatory note.

The agency every year revises its fees as per the statistical data from EUROSTAT (European Union’s statistical office), the current revision is made in accordance with the inflation rate for 2017.
Reference:

1.       Explanatory note on general fees payable to the European Medicines Agency
2.       COMMISSION REGULATION (EU) 2018/471 of 21 March 2018
Brought to you by:

Cliniminds (www.cliniminds.com),leader in Pharmacovigilance & Clinical research training and consulting 

Clinimindsoffers ‘Hands On’ training case processing on ORACLE Argus Safety and other safety databases. Our students are entitled for free DIA membership.


Friday, 9 March 2018

Artificial Intelligence Seeing through the lens of Pharmacovigilance

Pharmacovigilance as we know is a science with a set of pre defined functions to collect, analyse, monitor adverse event reports in understanding the safety profile of drug.
The set pre defined functions would include case processing through data entry of adverse event forms into safety database, medical review, aggregate reporting, signal detection, risk evaluation and mitigation strategies.


With patients awareness and regulatory compliance we may have seen a surge of adverse event data over last few years , resulting in the urgent need for the application of automation. Pharmacovigilance is the only discipline where in which timelines and quality data are evaluated on a benchmark of 100 % and a compromise in these two parameters are considered to be a zero tolerance.
Automation of above pre defined function is possible through machine learning, which is an integral components of Artificial Intelligence.

What is Artificial Intelligence ?       
Artificial intelligence may be called as an ability of a computer system to perform task that require human intelligence such as cognition through visual acuity, voice recognition, language translation leading to decision execution of a certain function.
Machine learning is based on reinforced data, where in which when an algorithm is executed to accomplish a specific task.

If it accomplishes the algorithm ends and the entire procedure in auto stored in the program, which means next time one does not need to manually execute the program, it would be auto executed in order to accomplish the task, if presented with the exact same variables as that of the earlier scenario.
In the second case if the task is not accomplished then too the procedure would be stored in the program and next time when the program is auto executed it would not take the same path thus minimizing error.

This process self-learning through experience is called machine learning For example imagine a scenario where in which you have you have received an email from a patient who has experienced nausea, followed by headache and bleeding from nose on Lisinopril, the patient also mentions that he has a history renal impairment and also that he was a chain smoker for which he took Varenicline to quit smoking.

An algorithm created on the principle of machine learning would have the capability to auto recognises and identify the suspect drug from concomitant therapy, adverse event from medical history and not only this through robotic process automation it may integrate the email with safety database, which means not only it identifies the suspect drug and the adverse event, it now also does the auto data entry, prepares auto case narrative and auto sends letters to the patient or physician for further follow up  from the safety database.

This is ‘Artificial Intelligence’, a capability attained through self-learning to process thousands of data within seconds.With automation employees engaged in manual data entry would be upskilled in the execution of AI process.

Cliniminds (www.cliniminds.com ) offers training in aggregate reporting, our students are trained on PSUR, PBRER, Addendum, Summary Bridging, DSUR, ASR, EOS Reports with Hands On’ experience on ORACLE Argus Safety and other safety databases for line listing, summary tabulation extraction.


Thursday, 8 March 2018

PvPI to include vector borne disease as part Pharmacovigilance for Public health


Pharmacovigilance programme of India (PvPI), soon to include diseases caused in tropical climate, vector borne diseases like malaria and dengue, tuberculosis and HIV- AIDS as part the Pharmacovigilance for public health. The programme would be soon incorporated by all South East Asian Regulatory Network (SEARN) member countries.


When carrying out pharmacovigilance activities for the above targeted diseases, a common questionnaire has been developed by the  WHO for SEARN countries.

The PvPI would now have an added responsibility of updating adverse drug reaction database on Vigiflow based on the reports received from other SEARN centres.
This indeed shows a remarkable progress of our country- INDIA in translating pharmacovigilance for better patient safety.

Cliniminds offers corporate training programs exclusively designed for working professionals who want to get upskilled in pharmacovigilance, upon the completion of which each participant would awarded with Advanced Post Graduate Diploma in Pharmacovigilance accredited from ACCRE, USA

For more information visit: www.cliniminds.com or email us at info@cliniminds.com

Tuesday, 20 February 2018

Increasing Role of Business Analytics in the Pharmaceutical Companies

A pharmaceutical company wanted to in-license a phase I molecule and wanted to estimate its future value and take decision, whether to in-license the molecule at current offered price or not.                                                                   Approach: A detail study of molecule and its therapy area of development was undertaken to understand disease landscape and current market players. In-order to identify futuristic events an in-depth research related to upcoming molecules, epidemiological changes, pricing and treatment patterns was conducted. These inputs were further validated through primary research with KOLs, physicians and regulatory bodies, primarily to understand expected quantitative impact of future events. Once all required information was available, a robust macro enabled excel based forecast model was developed, with future trends in epidemiology, pricing, patient numbers and upcoming molecules as inputs. These quantitative inputs were derived using benchmarking studies and analogue analysis and were applied at appropriate step within the forecast model. Based on trial and clinical data analysis of the molecule of interest, primary research and analogue analysis studies, potential market share was estimated in next 10 years. These all when entered into the forecast provided potential revenue of the molecule that was being evaluated for in-licensing.
Outcome:The results of the model showed that asking price for the molecule was too high as compared to its expected revenue in next 10 year, thus pharmaceutical company did not pursue buying that molecule. When finally the molecule got launched, its revenues were quite in line as predicted by our model, thus saving the pharmaceutical company from a loss making deal.                                                                                                                                                                  About Cliniminds: Cliniminds offers professional job linked programs in pharma business analytics, clinical trials, pharmacovigilance and other health science domains. Programs are designed in line with industry requirements. For more information, visit our website – www.cliniminds.com or call at +91 9810068241

Monday, 15 January 2018

How pharma data / business analytics are helping pharmaceutical companies?

Case Study:
A top pharmaceutical company was interested to develop a medicine for diabetes, and for which it wanted to asses and identify attractive patient segments.


Approach
Secondary research was undertaken to understand current diabetes treatment guidelines and therapy landscape, to identify patient segments. Following this trial analysis was undertaken to identify upcoming trends and molecules in different patient segments of diabetes. The molecules and trends were further analyzed to ascertain their expected relevance on the diabetes landscape through clinical data and benchmark analysis. Key trends analyzed during the study were related to epidemiology, pricing, regulatory activities, and market access regulations across geographies. These findings were further validated through an intense primary research involving key opinion leaders, payers, physicians and regulatory bodies. The all inputs from primary and secondary research with collated together and analytical tools, such as PESTLE, SWOT, ANSOFF and 5 WHY’s were used to generate insights out of the information. Final report clearly laid out “WHERE TO PLAY” and “HOW TO PLAY” strategic options within diabetes.

Outcome
Project helped client to clearly understand the development opportunities within diabetes and design development plan for molecule as per plan.

About Cliniminds

Cliniminds is India’s leading Health Sciences Education, Training & Consulting organization offering specialised program in pharmaceutical data / business analytics, and other health sciences programs. All Cliniminds programs are linked with job placements. Cliniminds has trained and placed over 6,500 professionals in the health sciences domain.


For more information, please call 9810068241 or mail at info@cliniminds.com; www.cliniminds.com

Monday, 8 January 2018

Seminar on Pharma Data / Business Analytics & Career Opportunities

On Sunday, 7th January 2018 Cliniminds organized Seminar on Pharmaceutical Data / Business Analytics with focus on career opportunities for the graduates and post graduates in pharmacy, medicine, dental, IT/Computer Science, life sciences and biotechnology. Demo class on the topic of Analogue Analysis was conducted for the benefit of the participants. Experts from leading pharma business analytics firms conducted interactive session with the participants.



Pharma data / business analytics is one of the fast growing sectors in the life sciences domain with annual growth of 27%, and by 2021, industry size would be over US$21 billion.

The sector offers attractive career opportunities with excellent long term career opportunities for pharmacy, medical, IT/computer science, life sciences, and biotechnology graduates and post graduates.


Cliniminds offers first time in India, Specialized program in Pharma data / business analytics. For more information and assistance, please contact +91 9810068241 or info@cliniminds.com.

Thursday, 4 January 2018

Pharma Data Analytics - Opening Doors to a New Vertical In Healthcare

The pharmaceutical industry is currently ranked as 2nd on the global scale with a market of estimated US $874 billion which would exponentially soar to US $ 1.22 trillion by 2022, the key drivers for this high stake is mainly due to poly-therapy used in the treatment of multiple chronic conditions like hypertension, diabetes, COPD, hyperlipedmia.

The healthcare system of India is growing at an incredible pace with a current compounded annual growth rate of (CAGR) of 22.9 % which is expected to reach a net worth of USD 150 Billion by 2020.

With easy accessibility of medicines, better nutritional supplements, better formulations and the switch from supervised to self-therapies using engineered technologies like controlled delivery systems, has impacted the pharmaceutical market to a great extent globally.

This impact has also led to many changes in the regulatory framework for instance, with respect to compliance, the marketing authorization holders (MAH) have been asked to focus more on the outcome, rather than the input Irrespective of whether MAH has a robust pharmacovigilance system in place, if the risk of a drug causing a Serious Adverse Reaction which may also be life threatening is not controlled through implementation of risk mitigation strategies, it may lead to reactive measures which may include complete withdrawal of drug from the pharmaceutical market.

Through the use of Digital/social media platforms like facebook, twitter, blog spot has led people to take health related decisions. Data from such websites when mined and analysed using predictive analytical solutions would help in understanding the patient needs and accordingly this data may be applied in understanding the current market share of the product.

Pharma analytics is a science which provides data insights through reporting, descriptive, predictive and prescriptive analytical solutions. Pharma analytics helps companies to understand current trends in pharmaceutical space.

Its core components comprises of Drug discovery analytics, Supply disruption predictiveanalytics, Product failure analytics which uses predictive analysis to understand product failures, Risk analytics used in understanding the benefit vs risk how the well risk be tolerated in a study population, Social analytics to understand the actual need of the drug in the population. Pharma analytics also enhances reporting systems to ensure effective communication and adherence to regulatory compliance. The use of Business intelligence Visualization software enables better analysis of the business data.


Direct to customer selling, aggressive marketing strategies and launch of a molecules in many countries at the same time has led the MAH to highly depend on analytics for e.g. Pharma analytics is now been profusely used in the reduction of cycle time for clinical trials.

Analytical systems are designed in such a way that they are self-learning, evolving as per feedback received from end users. Lifesciences organisations are now relying on decision made using analytical tools, Pharma analytics thus promises a huge scope in the coming years.

For more information on the career in pharma data analytics, please contact info@cliniminds.com or call +91 98100 68241.

References:

Analytics

1. Analytics in Pharma and Life Sciences; Abhishek Menon, Anupam Jain; Everest group research; page 3,6,7,9

Weblink:http://www.genpact.com/docs/default-source/resource-/analytics-in-pharma-and-life-sciences

(Last accessed on 29 Dec 2017; 16:00)

2. Life Sciences

Weblink: https://www.infosys.com/data-analytics/verticals/Pages/life-sciences.aspx

(Last accessed on 29 Dec 2017; 16:15)

3. Pharmaceutical Commerce; “Global pharma market will reach $1.12 trillion in 2022”; September 26, 2016

Weblink: http://pharmaceuticalcommerce.com/business-and-finance/global-pharma-market-will-reach-1-12-trillion-2022/

(Last accessed on 29 Dec 2017; 16:15)





Tuesday, 7 November 2017

Proactive pharmacovigilance through Social media data


Adverse drug events (ADEs) are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical drug trials have limited ability to detect all ADRs due to various reasons: small sample sizes, relatively short durations, lack of diversity among participants usually excludes specific conditions: kids, elderly, pregnant women, patients with co-morbidities. Pharmacovigilance practice has evolved and grown more complex over the past 5 to 10 years due to higher data volumes, evolving regulations, increased influence of emerging markets and the emergence of social media and innovative technological advances. Social media is a promising source for new safety data and potential emergent safety signals.

Social media may be a method by which pharmacovigilance could be strengthened given that approximately 72% of internet users search for health information online. Social media have significantly expanded recently with Twitter and Facebook now registering over 300 million and1.4 billion active users, respectively. Social media have already been utilized in different domains illustrating their potential application to pharmacovigilance. A relatively new resource that can tackle the current surveillance systems is the user posts in:

• Social health networks
• Microblogs (e.g. Twitter)
• Disease specific communities, and etc.
• Millions of health-related messages can reveal important public health issues.

There may be several example user posts in social media:
Schizophrenia (indication) Risperdal did not suit me, had tremendous weight gain and my breasts were enlarged.

 Levaquin fetched me with Achilles tendon rupture. 

Reporting may have irregularities, spelling errors, misinterpretations and grammatical errors. Extraction of information could be done by various methods including medical records, user posts, blogs and health social networking sites: DailyStrength, PatientsLikeMe, MedHelp etc. Although this kind of post on social media does not resemble a traditional adverse drug reaction (ADR) report, pharmacovigilance experts are investigating whether this type of public information on Twitter, Facebook and on patient forums or blogs, might help regulators and pharmaceutical companies monitor the safety profile of medicines. It could be utilised in potential signal detection in post marketing surveillance if handled appropriately. 

Challenges:

1) Drugs may be described by their brand names, active ingredients, colloquialisms or generic drug terms (e.g. ‘antibiotic’).

2) May be referred to using creative idiomatic expressions or terms not found within existing medical lexicons. Consumers does not always use medical terms, instead they are using phrases, their own verbatim, descriptive symptom explanations and idiomatic expressions.

3) The existence of a side effect may be clear while the specific side effect experienced remains unclear.

4) Discussion of a drug could involve indications, beneficial effects or concerns of an adverse event. For example, there may be information with respect to benefits of drug or concerns associated with adverse events that might influence selection or rejection of drugs.

5) A minority of companies also utilize social media in patient engagement for marketing purposes or for recruitment and retention within clinical trials. The latter may cause significant difficulty if the subjects enrolled use social media for communication, as it may lead to the unblinding of investigational medicinal products including the product of interest, active comparators and/or placebo. 

6) Underreporting is common but there may be pattern of reporting bias observed such as patient suffering from impotence may be less likely to post this on a social media site. Rivalry among different Marketing authorization holders (MAHs) could result into notoriety bias as a result of publicity or because the drug has recently been introduced onto the market.

7) In a social media setting, patients are likely to be reporters themselves, without any confirmation of data from HCPs. Credibility and origin of these self-generated reports are key issues. These reports are reluctantly acceptable and need confirmation. Due diligence should be conducted for patients and reporters.   

8) The large amount and variety of information obtained via social media as well as its rapidly changing nature, makes it a typical big data problem.

Technical Challenges:

1. Identification of duplicate safety information with respect to data originating from digital media.
2. Multiple languages
3. Data privacy and personal data protection issues

Advantages: 

1) Mining data from social media gives us a greater chance of capturing ADRs that a patient wouldn’t necessarily complain about to their doctor or nurse. Physician could better diagnose problems and illness but patients can better relate to adverse events and reactions. For example, a psychiatrist can’t see suicidal ideation as an ADR while a patient can describe it perfectly.” 

2) Importance sampling: Patient groups such as pregnant women and children are often excluded from clinical trials due to concerns of teratogenicity and ethical issues yet they represent active social media users. So trend of events can easily be identified by using this medium. 

3) Sponsors within the industry are utilizing social media for commercial purposes to distribute information about diseases and their treatment, medicines and company like: 

• The industry — e.g., costs of medicine
• Their therapy — e.g., tolerance, adverse events, side effects
• Their disease or condition — which is an opportunity for R&D to identify unmet needs
• A particular company — e.g., its service and reputation
• Competitors — so this can be a form of competitive intelligence

4) Social media sites are increasingly being adopted by healthcare professionals and patients for the discussion of adverse experiences with licenced medicinal product.

5) Social media presents new channels and methods that can enable companies to move away from traditional PV systems and safety reporting methods towards more patient-centric models for reporting, analysing and monitoring of safety data. These channels have the capability to allow swift and open communication between companies and the consumers/patients and healthcare providers using the medicinal products, thereby helping foster transparency and build public trust.

Conclusion:

To realize fully the benefit social media have to offer, requires careful combination of each of data sources or information to generate significant signals. Appropriate use of the internet and social media can prove to be a significant catalyst in the transformation of the PV practice in the not so distant future. Traditional PV methods will certainly prevail, yet social media has the potential to become an added new-age tool to monitor data in real-time, making it an early indicator of potential safety issues for further investigation. Further, this would enable companies to generate more robust product safety profiles by leveraging the additional social media information.

References: 

1. Utilizing social media data for pharmacovigilance: A review Accessed from http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1532046415000362on 28-DEC-2015.

2. Searching social networks to detect adverse reactions Accessed from http://www.pharmaceutical-journal.com/news-and-analysis/features/searching-social-networks-to-detect-adverse-reactions/20067624.article on 29-DEC-2015.

3. Social media and pharmacovigilance: A review of the opportunities and challenges Accessed from 
http://www.researchgate.net/publication/279807301_Social_media_and_pharmacovigilance_A_review_of_the_opportunities_and_challenges on 01-DEC-2015.




Monday, 6 November 2017

Competency Areas for Pharmacovigilance Professionals

                                 
A competency profile defines the competencies required to fulfil a particular role. Competencies are the measurable or observable knowledge, skills, abilities, and behaviours critical for successful job performance. Technical staff/resources in pharmacovigilance domain are competent and experienced in a wide range of scientific, healthcare, life sciences and pharmacy disciplines and areas of medicine, at graduate and post-graduate level. The core competencies for drug safety professionals are a set of skills applicable to the broad field of pharmacovigilance.

Level 1 core competencies apply to entry level drug safety professionals, i.e. new drug safety associates with non-managerial positions.

Level 2 core competencies apply to advanced and senior level drug safety associates, supervisors and managers.

Level 3 core competencies apply to associate directors, directors, and other drug safety department or organization leaders.

Qualities in working professionals in the field of pharmacovigilance:

§  Knowledge of how drugs, devices, and biologics are developed and regulated.
§  Knowledge of relevant pharmacovigilance information sources.

§  Encompass knowledge of scientific concepts related to the design and analysis of clinical trials.
  • Effective understanding and use of the principles for data capture, storage, interpretation searching and retrieval.
§  Encompasses how data are acquired and managed during a clinical trial, including source data, data entry, queries, quality control, and correction and the concept of a locked database.

§  Computer application proficiency (MS Word, MS Excel, MS PowerPoint, web-based) for access and data entry of safety information.

Abilities and skills:

§  Professionals should have thorough understanding of clinical, biomedical and scientific reports about pharmaceutical products.

§  Accurately evaluates cases for validity and consistency, document cases according to procedures, accurately codes product-safety information and product-quality complaints.

§  Appropriately assesses case severity in order to prioritize follow-up.

§  They should be skilled to address important benefit-risk ratio associated with drugs. They must make informed decisions after finding the relevant facts. They should cater valuable contribution in business continuity plans.

§  Reviews data against source documents and submits data to regulatory in a timely manner.
§  Properly assesses submission eligibility on a case-by-case basis as per the regulations.
§  Diligently prepares and checks required documentation.
§  Identifies appropriate regulatory agency directions and makes case referrals.
§  Carefully reviews and documents regulatory agency requests.
§  Prepares clear periodic reports.
§  Should have good English writing skills.
§  Recommends action based on identified risks.
§  Helps draft safety-profile assessment reports.
§  Files case reports according to appropriate archiving practices.

§  Understand study management and GCP (good clinical practice) compliance, GPV (Good pharmacovigilance practice) modules safety management (adverse event identification and reporting, post market surveillance, and pharmacovigilance), and handling of investigational product.

§  Understanding the literature review/screening, MedDRA coding and writing risk management plans.
§  Safety services require availability of sufficient talent with significant expertise (e.g., writing periodic safety update reports and performing signal detection and analysis, running patient registries as part of Risk Management Plans).

§  Staff that already has product expertise and familiarity with issues such as product recalls and accurate coding of commonly reported events can implement and assess better risk management activities.

Industrial and Regulations exposure:

§  Writing is another of those advanced skills which every pharmacovigilance professional is expected to have. Working professionals should have clear and effective communication skills (reading and writing both) to readily exchange safety information between sponsor and regulators.

§  People in this domain should have knowledge of the business and of the pharmaceutical industry.
§  Understanding of organisation structure, responsibilities and resources.

§  They need to have capability to understand NHS, regulatory authorities, government schemes/policies concerning public health. Capable of assessment of risk management plans, post authorisation safety studies, periodic safety update reports and safety referrals.

§  Signal management (including data monitoring in EudraVigilance, signal validation/confirmation and evaluation of confirmed signals) and provision of advice on confirmation and quantification of risk and on regulatory options for managing risk.

Competencies:

§  Ability to make sound judgments and properly assess situations.
§  Ability to build relationships of trust and demonstrate professional ethics.
§  To assess various situations and develop appropriate solutions.
§  Play advisory role to assist concerned resources in pharmacovigilance matters.

Understanding of legal and related issues:   

§  European and Global PV Regulations
§  Knowledge of 21 CFR Rules
§  Pharmacovigilance regulations of different countries
§  Data Protection legislation
§  Confidentiality Agreements & Contractual Agreements
§  Copyright
§  Audits & Inspections
§  Understanding of CAPA’s (Corrective action and preventive plans), (RCA) root cause analysis and deviation memos exercised during any sort of deviation in pharmacovigilance processes. 
Ethics:

§  Working professionals should have good professional judgement to ethical issues. Professional persons in health care delivery fields (including those working in the public schools) have legal and ethical responsibilities to safeguard the confidentiality of information regarding the clients in their care.

§  Data and the personal identities of individual participants in research studies must be kept confidential. The ethical duty of confidentiality is essential to the trust relationship between patient and physician, and to the integrity of the research project.

§  Approved documents are stored on an intranet which ensures that documents are legible and readily identifiable.

§  Written records have a durability and reproducibility distinct from spoken information; Breaches of confidentiality can occur as a result of the way records are created, stored, or transmitted.

Management of Workload:

§  Induction training for organisation and project specific training for new recruits are planned. Attending conferences and external training programs; taking part in in-house training sessions and meetings.
§  Professionals are skilled in prioritising, planning and organising work with the appropriate sense of urgency based on regulatory requirements and business needs.

§  Processes adverse-event case reports and conducts follow-up; notifies regulatory agencies and business partners accordingly; responds to requests from regulatory agencies; reviews scientific literature and bibliographic sources; helps draft and manage periodic safety-update reports; evaluates safety profiles; ensures document filing and archiving.

§  The safety database management system has been customised for use. The workflow module facilitates the processing and submission of cases in line with legislative timelines. The database is fully searchable through use of a query module which incorporates standardised MedDRA queries.
§  Basic knowledge of drug safety sciences medical terminology, pharmacology, or clinical background, narrative writing, assessing expectedness of adverse event, assessing causality assessment,
§  Safety Surveillance services collaborates with clients to provide signal detection, (for cases and signals) and evaluation work to monitor and track global product compliance changes that might have an impact on labelling requirements or necessitate a change to the safety profile of the product.
§  Should be skilled in creation and maintenance of risk evaluation mitigation strategies (REMS) and risk management plans (RMPs).

Personal skills and proactivness:

§  Autonomy and a sense of responsibility.
§  Analytical and synthesis skills.
§  Ability to use simple language based on target audience.
§  Ability of listening actively.
§  Ability to work on multiple projects simultaneously.
§  Ability to work as part of a team.
§  Ability to keep tight deadlines and work under pressure.
§  Ability to inspire confidence and mutual respect.
§  Excellent communication skills with different internal and external stakeholders.
§  Fluency in English (spoken and written).
§  Scientific expertise, Versatility.
§  Meticulousness and attention to detail.
§  Planning skills and organized work habits.

Accountability:

§  Professionals should be trained in front of aligning with compliance, good clinical practices (GCP), good pharmacovigilance practices (GPV) and standards set by regulatory bodies.
§  Compliant with standard operating procedures (SOP’s) and company policies. Ability to follow written documentation in support of pharmacovigilance activities, including standard operating procedures (SOPs), safety management plans and working instructions.

§  Monitors pharmacovigilance procedures according to contracts, procedures, regulations, and directives.
§  Creates or adapts pharmacovigilance procedures based on overall or business-partner procedures and prevailing regulations.

§  Archives documents according to prevailing standards.

Goal of continuous development:
§  To contribute towards developing and improving knowledge and skills.
§  Keeping abreast on current legislations, moves and development in field of pharmacovigilance. Identifying and implementing improvements in ways of working - for self and for team/department.
§  With experience, depending on interests and training, pharmacovigilance specialists can aspire to, among other positions, the following: Senior Specialist, Project Leader, Manager, Director, Consultant, Trainer or Educator.

References:
1.      Pharmaceutical information and Pharmacovigilance association Accessed from http://www.pipaonline.org/Pharmacovigilance-Competencies on 24-Oct-2015.
2.      Report to the European Commission on Pharmacovigilance audits carried out in the Irish Medicines Board in Ireland from 21-SEP- 2012 to 20-SEP-2013 Accessed from https://www.hpra.ie/docs/default-source/publications-forms/corporate-policy-documents/ie_summary-of-pharmacovigilance-system-audit-report-results_2013_final-(1).pdf?sfvrsn=2 on 27-Oct-2015.
3.      Core competencies for drug safety/Pharmacovigilance Accessed from https://cdr.lib.unc.edu/indexablecontent/uuid:540d39d8-2d71-4f7a-af0a-c3863ee01dcb on 27-OCT-2015.